Random quantum channels I: graphical calculus and the Bell state phenomenon

This paper is the first of a series where we study quantum channels from the random matrix point of view. We develop a graphical tool that allows us to compute the expected moments of the output of a random quantum channel. As an application, we study variations of random matrix models introduced by Hayden [7], and show that their eigenvalues converge almost surely. In particular we obtain for some models sharp improvements on the value of the largest eigenvalue, and this is shown in a further work to have new applications to minimal output entropy inequalities.